{"id":958,"date":"2022-08-26T08:35:55","date_gmt":"2022-08-26T06:35:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/?p=958"},"modified":"2022-08-31T08:35:29","modified_gmt":"2022-08-31T06:35:29","slug":"co-je-vysetreni-pra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/?p=958","title":{"rendered":"Co je vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed PRA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

(zdroj: MVDr. Ji\u0159\u00ed Ber\u00e1nek, specialista na choroby o\u010dn\u00ed, https:\/\/www.veterina-pce.cz\/dedicne-ocni-vady-1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed vady<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed oftalmologie<\/strong> navazuje na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed klinick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pacienta a vy\u017eaduje dal\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00e9 znalosti veterin\u00e1rn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed technick\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed. Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed oka<\/strong> nelze vytrhnout z kontextu celkov\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho stavu, ale mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kompletn\u00edho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed: je \u0159ada onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se mohou manifestovat pr\u00e1v\u011b na o\u010d\u00edch nap\u0159. psinka, alergie, diabetes mellitus, intoxikace, hepatitis, dehydratace, p\u0159\u00edtomnost parasit\u016f\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 podrobnou anamn\u00e9zou<\/strong>, tedy \u0159adou ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e9 popisuj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Jak vzniklo, jestli je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina, jak dlouho trv\u00e1, celkov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed pacienta, v\u00fdskytu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed u jin\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at v chovu \u010d\u00ed vrhu, v n\u011bm\u017e pacient \u017eije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cel\u00e1 \u0159ada onemocn\u011bn\u00ed oka m\u00e1 genetickou predispozici<\/strong>, a proto je nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt v pov\u011bdom\u00ed i mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy u jednotliv\u00fdch plemen. Nevy\u0161et\u0159ujeme pouze pacienty, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fd probl\u00e9m na o\u010d\u00edch, ale i zcela zdrav\u00e9 jedince, kte\u0159\u00ed budou za\u0159azeni do chovu, nebo se aktivn\u011b rozmno\u017euj\u00ed. U ka\u017ed\u00e9ho plemena jsou pops\u00e1ny ur\u010dit\u00e9 predispozice pro dan\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a ty se pak v\u00edce hl\u00eddaj\u00ed. Detailn\u00ed informace jsou dostupn\u00e9 zde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoho pacient\u016f p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s n\u00e1hlou ztr\u00e1tou orientace<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 je zp\u016fsobena slepotou, kter\u00e1 vznikla velmi rychle. V oftalmologii je n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak odli\u0161it p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny slepoty a n\u00e1sledn\u011b zah\u00e1jit vhodnou terapii. V\u00edce informac\u00ed o p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch slepoty, mo\u017enostech diagnostiky a nov\u00e9 metod\u011b, kter\u00e1 je jednoduch\u00e1 a neinvazivn\u00ed naleznete v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed vady ve zkratce \u2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Progresivn\u00ed retin\u00e1ln\u00ed atrofie (PRA)<\/strong> \u2013 Jedn\u00e1 se o postupn\u00e9 odum\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed bun\u011bk s\u00edtnice (ty\u010dinek a \u010d\u00edpk\u016f), vyst\u00fdlaj\u00edc\u00edch o\u010dn\u00ed kouli a odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch za p\u0159\u00edjem sv\u011bteln\u00fdch paprsk\u016f. Rozli\u0161ujeme dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed formy \u2013 generalizovanou<\/strong> a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed nejen klinick\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem, ale i formou d\u011bdi\u010dnosti. Generalizovan\u00e1 forma se projevuje atrofi\u00ed v perifern\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech s\u00edtnice, st\u0159edov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st je nezm\u011bn\u011bna. Tato \u010d\u00e1st je posti\u017eena p\u0159i centr\u00e1ln\u00ed form\u011b onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed klinick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky progresivn\u00ed retin\u00e1ln\u00ed atrofie jsou majitelem pozorov\u00e1ny za \u0161era a v dob\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 viditelnosti. Pes se h\u016f\u0159e orientuje, nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed do p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek, zornice psa je \u0161iroce rozev\u0159en\u00e1 i p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m dopadu sv\u011btla do oka psa (v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed – psovi \u201esv\u00edt\u00ed o\u010di\u201c), zhor\u0161uje se i perifern\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed psa. Posledn\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed je zakalen\u00ed \u010do\u010dky, co\u017e je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce znemo\u017en\u00ed transparenci sv\u011bteln\u00fdch paprsk\u016f s\u00edtnic\u00ed a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed kon\u010d\u00ed ztr\u00e1tou zraku. Diagnostika tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je v\u00e1z\u00e1na na specializovan\u00e1 oftalmologick\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b vybaven\u00e1 oftalmoskopem<\/strong> a elektroretinografem<\/strong>, kter\u00fdmi lze diagnostikovat onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vlastn\u00edmi klinick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky. Nap\u0159. u pudl\u016f<\/strong> nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed frekvence klinick\u00fdch projev\u016f je mezi 3. – 5. rokem st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, ale technika je m\u016f\u017ee odhalit u\u017e od 9 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/td><\/a><\/td><\/tr>
PRA v pokro\u010dil\u00e9m stadiu<\/td>Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed funk\u010dnosti s\u00edtnice elektroretinografi\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

U v\u011bt\u0161iny plemen je d\u011bdi\u010dnost autosom\u00e1ln\u011b recesivn\u00ed, l\u00e9\u010dba onemocn\u011bn\u00ed neexistuje. Ozdravit chov lze tedy jen vhodnou selekc\u00ed. V pokro\u010dil\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch progresivn\u00ed retin\u00e1ln\u00ed atrofie se \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s kataraktou<\/strong>, tj. z\u00e1kalem \u010do\u010dky. Lokalizace po\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1kalu je pro jednotliv\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e1 \u2013 nap\u0159. u metabolick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (do t\u00e9to kategorie pat\u0159\u00ed \u0161ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal spojen\u00fd s cukrovkou<\/strong> – v\u00edce informac\u00ed nalezenete v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a>) nebo v d\u016fsledku st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k zakalov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159edu \u010do\u010dky, vrozen\u00e9 katarakty se manifestuj\u00ed na zadn\u00edm p\u00f3lu \u010do\u010dky pod jej\u00edm obalem, nebo v tzv. ekvatori\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010do\u010dky, nebo m\u00e1 charakteristick\u00fd \u201elouko\u0165ov\u00fd\u201c charakter (u bostonsk\u00fdch teri\u00e9r\u016f). Odstran\u011bn\u00ed katarakty je pouze chirurgick\u00e9, ov\u0161em jedinec s d\u011bdi\u010dnou kataraktou nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd do chovu. Do dal\u0161\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edtnice zahrnujeme multifok\u00e1ln\u00ed i kompletn\u00ed dysplasii s\u00edtnice, dystrofii epiteli\u00e1ln\u00edho pigmentu s\u00edtnice RPED.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anom\u00e1li oka koli\u00ed (CEA)<\/strong> – Jedn\u00e1 se o vadu lokalizovanou na zadn\u00edm segmentu oka v bl\u00edzkosti papily o\u010dn\u00edho nervu nebo na o\u010dn\u00edm nezvu sam\u00e9m. Podle n\u00e1zvu je to onemocn\u011bn\u00ed postihuj\u00edc\u00ed kolie, ale v\u00fdskyt je pops\u00e1n i u shelti\u00ed, border a bearded koli\u00ed, australsk\u00fdch ov\u010d\u00e1k\u016f a mnoh\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch plemen. Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 formy onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jako krv\u00e1cen\u00ed do sklivce, ablace s\u00edtnice spojen\u00e1 se slepotou se dnes ji\u017e d\u00edky mnohalet\u00e9 selekci nevyskytuj\u00ed. St\u00e1le v\u0161ak nach\u00e1z\u00edme formy m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, jako jsou roz\u0161t\u011bpy s\u00edtnice v bl\u00edzkosti papily o\u010dn\u00edho nervu anebo p\u0159\u00edmo roz\u0161t\u011bp papily (CRD, kolobom optick\u00e9ho nervu). Vada je autosom\u00e1ln\u011b recesivn\u011b d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1 a k jej\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 eradikaci p\u0159isp\u011bl velkou m\u011brou genetick\u00fd test<\/strong>, kdy jsme schopni detekovat defektn\u00ed alelu. V\u00fdjimkou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u 4% populace kolobom optick\u00e9ho disku, kter\u00fd se vymyk\u00e1 genetick\u00e9 testaci a je zjistiteln\u00fd pouze oftalmologick\u00fdm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm. CEA je klinicky ide\u00e1ln\u011b stanoviteln\u00e9 u mal\u00fdch \u0161t\u011b\u0148at ve v\u011bku 5,5-8,5 t\u00fddne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto\u017ee frekvence v\u00fdskytu geneticky p\u0159enosn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je zna\u010dn\u00e1 (jen u plemene americk\u00fd kokr\u0161pan\u011bl je pops\u00e1no 23 genetick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed o\u010dn\u00edho apar\u00e1tu), v\u011bnujeme jim zna\u010dnou pozornost s \u00famyslem rychl\u00e9ho a plo\u0161n\u00e9ho ozdraven\u00ed chov\u016f<\/strong>. Ji\u017e od \u00fatl\u00e9ho v\u011bku jsou \u0161t\u011b\u0148ata vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1na o\u010dn\u00edm specialistou a p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b dokumentov\u00e1n stav jejich o\u010dn\u00edho apar\u00e1tu. Ten je pak dokladov\u00e1n p\u0159i prodeji \u0161t\u011b\u0148at, p\u0159i jejich bonitac\u00edch a v neposledn\u00ed a nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b v dob\u011b za\u0159azen\u00ed do plemenitby. Po celou dobu p\u016fsoben\u00ed psa v plemenitb\u011b je vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed periodicky opakov\u00e1no<\/strong> a dokladov\u00e1no fotodokumentac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/td><\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed oka \u0161t\u011brbinovou lampou<\/td>Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed o\u010dn\u00edho pozad\u00ed funduskamerou<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161echna u n\u00e1s vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata obdr\u017e\u00ed certifik\u00e1t<\/strong>, tedy protokol o vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed se zaznamen\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch zm\u011bn. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e JE PROST\u00c9<\/strong> nebo NEN\u00cd<\/strong> PROST\u00c9 <\/strong>v\u00fdskytu d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch o\u010dn\u00edch vad. Vlastn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z klinick\u00e9ho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed zavr\u0161en\u00e9ho zm\u011b\u0159en\u00edm nitroo\u010dn\u00edho tlaku, prohl\u00eddkou p\u0159edn\u00edho segmentu oka \u0161t\u011brbinovou lampou, o\u010dn\u00edho pozad\u00ed kamerou KOWA GENESIS s digit\u00e1ln\u00edm z\u00e1znamem. U predisponovan\u00fdch plemen je\u0161t\u011b m\u011b\u0159\u00edme produkce slz, nebo zkoum\u00e1me stav iridokorne\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fahlu \u2013 goniodysplasii. Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed trv\u00e1 asi 10-20 minut<\/strong> a je prov\u00e1d\u011bno za pln\u00e9ho v\u011bdomi zv\u00ed\u0159ete.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(zdroj: MVDr. Ji\u0159\u00ed Ber\u00e1nek, specialista...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/958"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=958"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":959,"href":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/958\/revisions\/959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.silver-paradise.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}